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1906 - 1948

Joining the Indian National Congress:
- Jinnah entered politics in 1906, joining the Indian National Congress (INC), which was the leading party advocating for Indian independence from British rule.
- Initially, he worked for Hindu-Muslim unity and supported the idea of a united India.
- His commitment to secular politics earned him the title of the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity" from Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Role in the Lucknow Pact (1916):
- Jinnah played a pivotal role in brokering the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, ensuring separate electorates for Muslims and a joint front against British colonial rule.
- This marked Jinnah’s first major political achievement, highlighting his ability to mediate between diverse political interests.

Shift in Political Ideology:
- Jinnah joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913, becoming its key leader by the early 1920s.
- He realized that Congress was becoming increasingly dominated by Hindu-majority interests, sidelining Muslim concerns.
Vision for Muslim Rights:
- Jinnah’s focus shifted to safeguarding Muslim political, social, and cultural rights within India.
- He began advocating for greater autonomy for provinces with significant Muslim populations.

Opposition to Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement:
- Jinnah strongly opposed Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, believing it would lead to chaos and harm constitutional progress.
- This widened the rift between Jinnah and the Congress, leading him to resign from the party.
Struggle for Muslim Representation:
- During this period, Jinnah focused on strengthening the Muslim League and creating a separate political identity for Muslims in India.

The Allahabad Address (1930):
- Though delivered by Allama Iqbal, the address influenced Jinnah’s vision of a separate Muslim homeland.
Return to India and Revival of the Muslim League (1934):
- After a brief period of self-imposed exile in London, Jinnah returned to India in 1934 and began revitalizing the Muslim League.
- He emerged as the undisputed leader of Indian Muslims.
Demand for Pakistan – The Lahore Resolution (1940):
- Jinnah presided over the Lahore Session of the Muslim League in 1940, where the Pakistan Resolution was passed.
- This formally called for a separate Muslim state, which would later become Pakistan.

World War II and Political Negotiations:
- During World War II, Jinnah refused to support the British war effort without guarantees for Muslim autonomy.
- His leadership during this time strengthened the demand for Pakistan.
Negotiating with British and Congress:
- Jinnah’s political acumen was evident in negotiations like the Cripps Mission (1942), Simla Conference (1945), and Cabinet Mission Plan (1946).
- His firm stance on Muslim rights made him the sole spokesman for Indian Muslims.
Direct Action Day (1946):
- Jinnah called for Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946, to emphasize the urgency of creating Pakistan.
Creation of Pakistan (1947):
- After years of struggle, Jinnah successfully negotiated the partition of India, leading to the creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.

Founding Father of Pakistan:
- Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan and worked tirelessly to stabilize the new nation.
- He focused on issues such as nation-building, minority rights, and economic development.
Key Speeches and Policies:
- His speech on August 11, 1947, outlined his vision for a secular and inclusive Pakistan:
  - "You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan."

Duration: Jinnah’s political career spanned 42 years (1906–1948).
Death: Jinnah passed away on September 11, 1948, barely a year after the creation of Pakistan, leaving behind a lasting legacy as the "Father of the Nation."